نشریه پرستاری ایران
پیاپی 135 (اردیبهشت 1401)

Living with a temporary or permanent ostomy affects the quality of life (QoL) of people with an ostomy and requires increasing patients' self-efficacy to take care of themselves. Education is one way to improve individuals' QoL and self-care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of distance self-care education on self-efficacy and QoL of patients with an intestinal ostomy in patients referred to Kermanshah hospitals in 2020-2021.

In a quasi-experimental study before and after the process, 61 patients with intestinal ostomy referred to Imam Reza (AS), and Taleghani hospitals in Kermanshah province were selected from April to July 2021, using a simple sampling method. The samples first answered the self-efficacy questionnaires of ostomy patients and the quality of life of Weir and Sherborn. Then, the self-care program developed in the form of 8 45-minute group sessions was taught to patients by the researcher through discussion and conversation through a virtual network (WhatsApp), according to which they can use self-care at home, and two months after the end of the intervention. The mentioned questionnaires were distributed and completed among the patients again. Data were reported using SPSS software v. 20, and paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.

The Mean±SD of patients' QoL before the intervention was 34.05±16.53, reaching 49.63±21.59 after the intervention. Based on paired t-test, this difference was significant (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean of all aspects of patients' QoL except general health before and after the intervention (P<0.043). The Mean±SD of patients' self-efficacy before the intervention was 50.40±4.57 (51.18±5.03 after the intervention) and based on the paired t-test, this difference was significant (P=0.036).

 The findings of the present study, while confirming and supporting the research hypothesis, showed that distance self-care education in patients with an intestinal ostomy effectively affects their self-efficacy and QoL. Using this treatment plan as one of the simple, cheap, feasible, and effective non-pharmacological interventions can help promote self-efficacy and, consequently, the QoL of the patients with an intestinal ostomy.

Mothers of children with autism face many problems that can affect their life. On the other hand, spirituality, as one of the essential aspects of man’s life, has a significant relationship with human health. This study seeks to determine the spiritual well-being of mothers of children with autism.

The type of present study was descriptive-cross-sectional. In this study, mothers were identified among the 7 schools for children with autism, and 200 people participated in the survey in stages, according to the inclusion criteria. The collected data were used using descriptive statistical methods such as setting frequency distribution tables, calculating numerical indices, and independent chi-square and t-test. The paired t-test was used to achieve the goals under SPSS software v. 16.

The Mean±SD spiritual well-being of mothers was 77.17±10.51. Mean±SD spiritual well-being (41.11±5.61) had the highest, and Mean±SD existential well-being (36.06±5.67) had the lowest score. 

 In this study, the spiritual well-being dimension of spiritual well-being was in a better position compared to its Existential Dimension of Health. It can be said that the mothers participating in the present study are richer in spiritual well-being compared to existential health. 

Parental participation in decision-making for neonates with life-threatening conditions is morally and ethically approved. The health care team in the neonatal intensive care units is not prepared to involve parents in these decisions. Identifying factors affecting parental participation in decision-making can lead to removing the barriers and improving parents’ participation. The present study aimed to identify organizational factors influencing parents’ participation in decision-making for neonates with life-threatening conditions.

This study is part of a comprehensive project based on Corbin and Straus’s approach to grounded theory (GT) methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2015) explored the process of parental participation in DM for neonates with LTC. Participants included 23 people (10 parents, 10 healthcare providers, 1 official in the Neonatal Health Office of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 1 professor of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, and 1 insurance agent). The study field included level III neonatal intensive care units of 4 teaching hospitals. Data were collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and observation and simultaneously were analyzed through constant comparison utilizing the approach of Corbin and Strauss, 2015. The core category and the related categories reflecting contextual and structural factors, parents’ strategies, and the outcome of the adopted strategies were identified. The contextual and structural classification reflected various factors affecting parents’ participation in DM. Since it was impossible to publish all findings in one article, the current study focused on the organizational factors influencing parents’ participation in DM.

Organizational factors affecting the process of parental participation in decision-making consisted of 5 main categories, including 1) power imbalances, 2) ethics committees’ deficiencies, 3) hospital regulations deficiencies, 4) resource constraints, and 5) ongoing hospitalization, the only choice. 

Organizational factors play an important role in parental participation in decision-making. Providing parents of neonates with life-threatening conditions with accommodation and, developing instructions to encourage the presence of parents in the hospital, creating rules for selecting NICU nurses is necessary. Employing an interdisciplinary team of psychologists, social workers, and trained individuals to provide parents with spiritual care is recommended. Appointing hospital ethics committees to investigate cases of critically ill infants and employing experienced and knowledgeable ethicians about the end-of-life issues in these committees are also recommended. </div>

Substance abuse is a chronic disease that affects the person, in addition to their family and children. Adolescents' social competence is one of the issues that seems to be affected by parental substance abuse. Social competence is the level of commitment to acceptable social behaviors that are needed in society to effectively interact with others. The present study aims to determine the social competence of adolescents with parents having substance abuse in the West of Tehran.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. Participants were 265 adolescents in the first and second public high schools in the west of Tehran (districts 5, 10, 18), who had parents with substance abuse. They were selected by a continuous sampling method. After the necessary arrangements and obtaining informed consent from them, the link of the online questionnaires was provided to them through social media applications. The data collection tool included a demographic form and the Perceived Social Competence Scale. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance) were used in SPSS software v.16, and the significance level was set at 0.05.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. Participants were 265 adolescents in the first and second public high schools in the west of Tehran (districts 5, 10, 18), who had parents with substance abuse. They were selected by a continuous sampling method. After the necessary arrangements and obtaining informed consent from them, the link of the online questionnaires was provided to them through social media applications. The data collection tool included a demographic form and the Perceived Social Competence Scale. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance) were used in SPSS v.16 software, and the significance level was set at 0.05.

Nurses and psychiatrists can identify the affected children in counseling and treatment centers while providing care to the parents suffering from substance abuse. By providing appropriate programs such as life skill education, they can empower children to deal with the problems caused by parental substance abuse and help their growth and future success. 

 Caring for patients with the diagnosis of brain death is one of the heaviest duties for nurses. The importance of organ donation is one of the biggest challenges of nursing in the intensive care unit. This qualitative research aimed to investigate the experience of nurses in care for brain death patients.

The study was qualitative research using a content analysis method. Purposive sampling started with in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants and continued until the data saturation stage. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis.

Qualitative analysis of data content led to the extraction of themes reflecting the research of nurses’ experiences in the care of the brain dead patients and including “organ donation; a distinct care element” and “’facing increased tensions and conflicts.” Finally, the main themes of “Care stress resonance following a distinct donation situation; a distinct care element” were abstracted.

Due to the importance of maintaining the health of donation organs, nurses’ experiences have shown that they face many challenges while caring for brain death patients. But the issue of organ donation is one of the significant issues affecting the care of organ donors, so managers can take practical proceedings by identifying nurses’ challenges in this field to improve the quality of care for these patients.

Multiple sclerosis is the most common progressive neurological disease in young people and affects women several times more than men. Sexual problems are one of the most common symptoms in affected women, which have a great impact on the couple’s relationship and are often ignored. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of health-promoting multimedia education on sexual function in women with multiple sclerosis.

The present study is a randomized controlled trial of before and after with the control group. 116 women with multiple sclerosis, referredto Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital and a private referral center for multiple sclerosis patients (from 21 September 2020 to 19 January 2021) were selected by continues sampling method to participate in the study. They were assigned as two groups, intervention and control ones, using the Sealed envelope randomized online site which randomly divided to single up to quintuple blocks, which allocated equally in intervention and control groups. Data collection tools were demographic profile form and intimacy and sexual activity questionnaire for multiple sclerosis patients (MSISQ-19). Data analysis is done by using descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and with independent t-test, chi-square, analysis of covariance and analysis of variance with repeated measures RM using SPSS software v. 16.

Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sexual function scores and all its dimensions (P=0.690). Mean sexual function in the intervention group at 4 weeks (P=0.014) and 12 weeks after the intervention (P=0.021) was significantly lower than before, but there was no statistically significant difference between the scores at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the intervention (P<0.050).

Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) training has an effect on sexual performance of women with multiple sclerosis and this training can be a good way to improve their sexual problems.

Coronavirus epidemic, along with other countries around the world, in Iran, also raised the need for social distancing and home quarantine. As a result, the continuation of face-to-face education was disrupted and virtual education was chosen as a strategy for not stopping education in schools and universities. Alternatively, virtual education was adopted in order not to stop education, thereby causing new challenges for students and universities. This qualitative study aimed at investigating the experiences of university professors of the problems of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. The aim of this study was to answer the question “What is the experience of university teachers about the challenges of virtual education during covid-19 pandemic?”. Participants were 24 university teachers in different fields whom were selected with purposeful sampling. Teachers of different disciplines at the university with a master’s degree or higher who also had at least three years of teaching experience were included in the study. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were used to collect data. Analyzing data was done through conventional content analysis with Lundman and Graneheim methods with Maxqda.

The descriptive results of the study revealed that the age range of the participants was from 30 to 50 years old. 62.5 percent of the teachers were female. Their teaching experience varied from 3 to 26 years. In terms of academic degree, 58 percent were assistant professor, 20 percent were instructor, 16 percent were associate professor, and 6 percent were full professor. Additionally, 66 percent of them were teaching at state universities. The results obtained from the qualitative part of the study included Technology-related problems with 3 subcategory, Problems with the teaching process with 5 subcategory and Poor interaction with 3 subcategory.

Due to the long closure of universities and the long-term use of e-learning Managers and policymakers in the education system need to design programs to address these issues.

 Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Prehospital care is the first part of the trauma treatment and care system. Improving the skills of caring for trauma patients before the patient arrives at the hospital can have a significant impact on the survival of critically ill patients.Simulation enables employees to use learning, cognitive and psychological learning experiences.Simulation of trauma casualties causes subjective and objective changes among operational staff and, in fact, casualty care, which is a positive result of PHTLS simulated courses.The aim of this study was to evaluate the skills of pre-hospital emergency operations staff in dealing with a trauma patient after performing simulation training.

[FR1] : This study was a quasi-experimental evaluation with a pre-test-post-test design. The research environment was Shiraz Medical Emergency and Accident Management Center. Sampling in 2019 was done by simple random method among 200 pre-hospital emergency staff. To determine the required number of samples at a confidence level of 0.95 and a test capacity of 80% and assuming that the skills of dealing with trauma patients in pre-hospital emergency operations staff after simulation training change at least eight points to be considered statistically significant. After placement in the relevant formula, the required sample size of 50 people was obtained, which was considered to be 60 people, taking into account the 20% drop.Staff performance in terms of clinical skills in dealing with trauma patients was evaluated by the OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Skills Evaluation) method in 9 stations. To collect data from the observation checklist, the performance of clinical skills in dealing with trauma patients was evaluated. Used by evaluators. In total, this workshop was held for 2 days. After passing theoretical and practical trainings based on simulations, the staff was finally tested with several different scenarios based on the patient's condition. Immediately after the mentioned training, the clinical skills of the staff were re-evaluated based on their participation in the OSCE test and with the checklist of clinical skills of dealing with patients with trauma.Pre- and post-test data were adjusted in the initial tables and then skills were assessed using methods of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test and Cohen effect size) by SPSS 22 software.

Most of the subjects were men (88.5%), single (56.9%) and in the age group of 20 to 30 years (56.9%).Most of the pre-hospital emergency operatives in the study had nursing or emergency medical records (84.6%), had a history of trauma training (59.6%) and a history of activity in the pre-hospital emergency (90.4%).The average total skill score of pre-hospital emergency operations staff in the face of a person with trauma before training was 40.51 with a standard deviation of 11.93, which was lower than the mean score of the instrument, ie 74.5. To compare 9 skills, scores were each calculated from 0 to 100 and the results showed that the lowest mean score was in oral-tracheal ventilation and intubation skills (20.78 16 16.11) and the highest in restricted spinal movement restriction skills. (36.20 36 36.32). The average total skill score of pre-hospital emergency operations staff in the face of a trauma patient after training was 113.17 with a standard deviation of 10.24, which was higher than the average score of the instrument, ie 74.5.The results showed that the lowest mean score obtained based on zero to one hundred was in the skill of using traction splint (71.1 73 18.73) and the highest was in the skill of controlling bleeding and shock treatment (81.4 75 22.75).The results of paired t-test showed that general clinical skills as well as 9 standard skills of dealing with trauma patients in pre-hospital emergency operations staff after simulation training were significantly higher than before (p <0.001).The results of Cohen's effect size showed that the highest effect of the intervention was on the examination of the trauma patient (3.33) and the least on the limitation of the patient's spine movement (1.55) and in general in the standard skills of dealing with trauma patients was 4.64. .

The results showed that the clinical skills of pre-hospital emergency operations staff in dealing with a trauma patient had increased after simulation training. In all nine skills and general skills were significantly higher (p <0.001).Statistical results show that training by trauma simulation method increases the total score of clinical skills of coping with trauma.According to the results, simulation-based training was effective in improving the skills of pre-hospital emergency operations staff.Therefore, using this new educational method can be used as a way to teach and learn more effectively and take steps to provide quality and safe care for patients.This training allows participants to experience a critical and emergency situation without compromising patient safety. Using this training method and encouraging employees to participate in it in the form of continuous training, while using this new training method, will improve the clinical skills of operational staff.